逾越节（除酵节，初熟的果子）

Passover (Feast of Unleavened Bread, Firstfruits)

2025年4月12日宰杀逾越节羔羊，4月13-19日除酵节
The Passover lamb will be slaughtered on April 12, 2025, and the Feast of Unleavened Bread will be from April 13 to 19.

圣经历正月（也称为亚笔月和尼散月）14日是逾越节，15-21日是除酵节。
According to the Bible, the 14th of the first month (also called Abib or Nisan) is Passover, and the 15th to the 21st are the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

逾越节读经

Passover Scripture Readings

2025.4.20 尼散月 22日 逾越节第八日 申命记15:19-16:17；民数记28:19-25；以赛亚书10:32-12:6
April 20, 2025, Nisan 22, Eighth Day of Passover: Deuteronomy 15:19-16:17; Numbers 28:19-25; Isaiah 10:32-12:6

逾越节的希伯来文叫Pesach，Pesach的意思就是越过，神的审判越过。
The Hebrew for Passover is "Pesach", which means "to pass over", referring to God's judgment passing over.

逾越节虽然是犹太人的历史，但是圣经利未记23:5-8中很清楚的说明是耶和华的节期、耶和华的逾越节，不仅仅是犹太人的节期。
Although Passover is part of Jewish history, Leviticus 23:5-8 clearly states it is the Lord’s festival, the Lord’s Passover, not merely a Jewish festival.

利未记23:5-8
Leviticus 23:5-8

「正月十四日，黄昏的时候，是耶和华的逾越节。这月十五日是向耶和华守的无酵节；你们要吃无酵饼七日。第一日当有圣会，什麽劳碌的工都不可做；要将火祭献给耶和华七日。第七日是圣会，什麽劳碌的工都不可做。」
"On the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight is the Lord’s Passover. On the fifteenth day of this month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the Lord; for seven days you must eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no customary work. For seven days you shall make an offering by fire to the Lord. On the seventh day is a holy convocation; you shall do no customary work."
— Leviticus 23:5-8

这个节期对我们所有的信徒都有非常重要的属灵意义。下面列了4个属灵的意义：
This festival has very important spiritual significance for all believers. Here are four spiritual meanings:

  1. 逾越节代表着被捆绑的人得以自由，以色列人原来在埃及做奴隶被捆绑，神拯救他们得以自由。对于我们而言，我们原来在罪的捆绑中，神释放我们得以自由。
    Passover represents deliverance from bondage. The Israelites were slaves in Egypt, but God saved them and set them free. For us, we were once bound by sin, but God has set us free.

  2. 逾越节彰显神的大能和神的拯救。神拯救以色列人离开埃及，就像我们今天神拯救我们离开罪的辖制一样。
    Passover displays God's power and salvation. God delivered the Israelites from Egypt, just as today God delivers us from the slavery of sin.

  3. 逾越节是一个信仰的传承，以色列人在逾越节期间，父亲向孩子们讲述这段历史。今天我们每一个信徒也都要向我们孩子讲述这个历史，使我们的信仰可以一代一代的传下去。
    Passover is a legacy of faith. During Passover, Jewish fathers tell their children this history. Today, every believer should also teach their children this story so that our faith is passed down from generation to generation.

  4. 逾越节预表着耶稣基督的救赎，对我们今天的信徒有格外重要的意义。
    Passover foreshadows the redemption by Jesus Christ, which is especially significant for today’s believers.

一，逾越节和除酵节

1. Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread

出埃及记12章讲到以色列人出埃及，神要他们在正月10日，每家预备一只逾越节的羔羊：
Exodus 12 speaks of the Israelites leaving Egypt. God commanded them to prepare a Passover lamb for each family on the 10th day of the first month:

出埃及记12:3
Exodus 12:3

你们吩咐以色列全会众说：本月初十日，各人要按着父家取羊羔，一家一只。
"Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying: ‘On the tenth of this month every man shall take for himself a lamb, according to the house of his father, a lamb for a household.’"
— Exodus 12:3

12:6 要留到本月十四日，在黄昏的时候，以色列全会众把羊羔宰了。
12:6 "Now you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month. Then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at twilight."
— Exodus 12:6

这只羔羊必须是没有瑕疵的，在正月14日的黄昏宰杀逾越节的羔羊。
The lamb must be without blemish, and it is to be slaughtered at twilight on the fourteenth day of the month.

“黄昏”的希伯来原文的意思是“在日落之间”，就是下午3点的时间，中文通常翻译为申初。
The Hebrew word for "twilight" means "between the evenings"—about 3 pm, which is usually translated as "the ninth hour" in Chinese.

以色列人宰杀逾越节羔羊的时候，要把羊的脖子割开，把它的血流出来，然后将羊的血涂在门框的左右和门楣上。
When the Israelites slaughtered the Passover lamb, they would cut the lamb’s neck, let the blood flow out, and put the blood on the doorposts and lintel.

当夜，也就是正月15日晚上，神的使者审判埃及全地，门框上有羔羊血的家庭，就蒙神赦免，神的使者就越过；门框上没有羔羊血的家庭，神的审判就临到，击杀家中一切头生的人和牲畜。这就是这个节期称为逾越节的原因。
That night, the night of the 15th, God’s angel judged all Egypt. The families with lamb’s blood on their doors were spared; those without were struck, killing every firstborn person and animal. That is why the festival is called "Passover."

出埃及记12:13
Exodus 12:13

这血要在你们所住的房屋上做记号；我一见着血，就越过你们去。我击杀埃及地头生的时候，灾殃必不临到你们身上灭你们。
"The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you; and the plague shall not be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt."
— Exodus 12:13

当夜以色列人要用火烤了羔羊肉吃，然后离开埃及地。
That night, the Israelites roasted the lamb and ate it, then left Egypt.

在利未记23章，神又设定正月15日到21日为无酵节，以色列人要将四境内一切的酵除尽。
In Leviticus 23, God also set the 15th to the 21st of the first month as the Feast of Unleavened Bread, during which all leaven must be removed.

二，初熟的果子

2. The Feast of Firstfruits

除酵节期间还有一个节期叫初熟的果子，记载在利未记23章9到12节：
During the Feast of Unleavened Bread, there is another festival called the Feast of Firstfruits, recorded in Leviticus 23:9-12:

利未记23:9-12
Leviticus 23:9-12

耶和华对摩西说，你晓谕以色列人说，你们到了我赐给你们的地，收割庄稼的时候，要将初熟的庄稼一捆带给祭司。他要把这一捆在耶和华面前摇一摇，使你们得蒙悦纳。祭司要在安息日的次日把这一捆摇一摇。摇着捆的日子，你们要把一岁、没有残疾的公绵羊羔献给耶和华为燔祭。
"The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ‘Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, When you come into the land that I give you and reap its harvest, you shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest, and he shall wave the sheaf before the Lord, so that you may be accepted. On the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it. On the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb a year old without blemish as a burnt offering to the Lord.’"
— Leviticus 23:9-12

初熟的庄稼是在15日的安息日之后的16日，正月的16日。
The firstfruits are offered on the 16th day, the day after the Sabbath following the 15th.

以色列的农夫，看到庄稼的出来的牙，这个就是初熟的庄稼，他要做一个记号。到初熟的果子，就是正月16日这一天，他要把这一捆庄稼带到神的面前摇一摇，作为素祭献给神。
When an Israelite farmer sees the first shoots of the crop, he marks them. On the Feast of Firstfruits, the 16th day, he brings a sheaf to the Lord and waves it as a grain offering.

按照圣经，逾越节的时间如下。犹太人传统上将整个节期都统称为逾越节。
According to the Bible, the Passover schedule is as follows. Traditionally, Jews refer to the entire festival as "Passover."

日期 事件 应验于耶稣基督
正月10日 选取逾越节的羔羊 耶稣进入耶路撒冷
正月14日 逾越节（宰杀羔羊） 耶稣被钉十字架，受死，埋葬
正月15日 逾越节，除酵节，安息日 埋葬
正月16日 除酵节，初熟的果子 复活
正月17-21日 除酵节  
正月21日 除酵节，安息日  
Date Event Fulfillment in Jesus Christ
10th of month Selection of Passover Lamb Jesus enters Jerusalem
14th Passover (Lamb slain) Jesus crucified, died, buried
15th Passover, Unleavened Bread, Sabbath Burial
16th Unleavened Bread, Firstfruits Resurrection
17th-21st Unleavened Bread  
21st Unleavened Bread, Sabbath  

逾越节和耶稣基督

Passover and Jesus Christ

三，耶稣基督是逾越节的羔羊

3. Jesus Christ is the Passover Lamb

在哥林多前书第5章第7节，这里说耶稣是逾越节的羔羊，为了人的罪，被杀献祭。
1 Corinthians 5:7 says Jesus is our Passover Lamb, sacrificed for our sins.

哥林多前书5:7
1 Corinthians 5:7

你们既是无酵的面，应当把旧酵除净，好使你们成为新团；因为我们逾越节的羔羊基督已经被杀献祭了。
"Therefore purge out the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, since you truly are unleavened. For indeed Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us."
— 1 Corinthians 5:7

按照神的时间，耶稣来到耶路撒冷过逾越节。他先来到耶路撒冷东边的城市伯大尼。正月10日，耶稣离开伯大尼，从东边进入耶路撒冷，这正是犹太人选取逾越节羔羊的时间：
According to God’s timing, Jesus came to Jerusalem for Passover. He first came to Bethany, east of Jerusalem. On the 10th, He entered Jerusalem from the east, precisely when Jews select the Passover lamb:

约翰福音12:1
John 12:1

逾越节前六日，耶稣来到伯大尼，就是他叫拉撒路从死里复活之处。
"Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus lived, whom Jesus had raised from the dead."
— John 12:1

约翰福音12:12-13
John 12:12-13

第二天，有许多上来过节的人听见耶稣将到耶路撒冷，就拿著棕树枝出去迎接他，喊著说：「和撒那！奉主名来的以色列王是应当称颂的！」
"The next day a great multitude that had come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, took branches of palm trees and went out to meet Him, and cried out: ‘Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord! The King of Israel!’"
— John 12:12-13

和撒那是希伯来文hoshiahna，意思是现在拯救！
"Hosanna" is the Hebrew word "hoshiahna," meaning "save now!"

许多的以色列人都到耶路撒冷过节，他们都听说耶稣的名，知道他所做的事情，看见耶稣进入耶路撒冷，他们就欢迎弥赛亚，以色列的王进入耶路撒冷，施行拯救。
Many Israelites came to Jerusalem for the festival, heard of Jesus, saw what He had done, and welcomed the Messiah, the King of Israel, into Jerusalem to bring salvation.

接着，耶稣接受法利赛人，文士，祭司的详细考察询问，看他是不是弥赛亚。在正月14日的晚上和门徒一同吃逾越节最后的晚餐，之后被抓，受审。正月14日白天的时候被钉十字架。
Then Jesus was questioned by the Pharisees, scribes, and priests to see if He was the Messiah. On the night of the 14th, He ate the last Passover supper with His disciples, was arrested, tried, and crucified during the day of the 14th.

马太福音27:45-46
Matthew 27:45-46

从午正到申初，遍地都黑暗了。约在申初，耶稣大声喊著说：「以利！以利！拉马撒巴各大尼？」就是说：「我的神！我的神！为什麽离弃我？」
"From noon until three in the afternoon darkness came over all the land. About three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in a loud voice, 'Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?' (which means 'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?')"
— Matthew 27:45-46

27:50 耶稣又大声喊叫，气就断了。
27:50 "And Jesus cried out again with a loud voice, and yielded up His spirit."
— Matthew 27:50

这里耶稣在正月14日的申初死在十字架上。申初就是下午3点的时候，也就是犹太人宰杀逾越节羔羊的时间。所以耶稣基督是神预备的逾越节的羔羊。当晚耶稣基督被埋葬，第三日死里复活。
Here, Jesus died on the cross at about 3 pm on the 14th, the very time the Passover lambs were sacrificed. Therefore, Jesus is the Passover Lamb prepared by God. That evening He was buried, and on the third day He rose from the dead.

马太福音28:1
Matthew 28:1

安息日将尽，七日的头一日，天快亮的时候，抹大拉的马利亚和那个马利亚来看坟墓。
"After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to look at the tomb."
— Matthew 28:1

28:5-7 天使对妇女说：「不要害怕！我知道你们是寻找那钉十字架的耶稣。他不在这里，照他所说的，已经复活了。你们来看安放主的地方。快去告诉他的门徒，说他从死里复活了，并且在你们以先往加利利去，在那里你们要见他。看哪，我已经告诉你们了。」
28:5-7 "The angel said to the women, 'Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. He is not here; he has risen, just as he said. Come and see the place where he lay. Then go quickly and tell his disciples: "He has risen from the dead and is going ahead of you into Galilee. There you will see him." Now I have told you.'"
— Matthew 28:5-7

第三天是正月16日，刚好是初熟的果子，在这一日耶稣基督从死里复活。
The third day was the 16th, the Feast of Firstfruits, the very day Jesus rose from the dead.

哥林多前书15:23
1 Corinthians 15:23

但各人是按著自己的次序复活：初熟的果子是基督；以後，在他来的时候，是那些属基督的。
"But each in his own order: Christ the firstfruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ."
— 1 Corinthians 15:23

保罗在哥林多前书中称耶稣基督的复活是初熟的果子，意味着耶稣是第一个复活的，等时候到了，还有许多的信徒要和耶稣一样复活。
Paul calls Jesus’ resurrection the "firstfruits," meaning Jesus was the first to rise, and many believers will follow in His resurrection.

总而言之，神藉着逾越节的节期让我们看见耶稣基督按照神的时间受死，埋葬，复活，以至于我们知道他就是神所预备的羔羊，是基督。
In summary, through the Passover festival, God shows us that Jesus Christ died, was buried, and rose again according to God’s timing, so that we may know He is the Lamb provided by God, the Christ.

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